#business-valuation
Business Valuation
Methods and best practices for determining the fair market value of a business
Phantom Stock Plans for Small Businesses: Reward Key Employees Without Giving Away Ownership
A phantom stock plan grants key employees hypothetical units that track company value and settle in cash — no shares issued, no dilution, no voting rights. Payouts are ordinary income subject to FICA when paid, the employer deducts them in the same year, and cash-settled awards are liability awards remeasured at fair value each reporting period. Paying within 2½ months after the year units vest satisfies Section 409A's short-term deferral exemption; a two-to-three-participant plan typically costs $4,000–$10,000 to launch.
The Silver Tsunami Is Here: How to Buy or Sell a Business in the $5 Trillion Great Ownership Transfer
About 6 million U.S. small and mid-sized businesses will change hands by 2035 as baby boomer owners retire, and McKinsey estimates more than 1 million of those are sellable, representing up to $5 trillion in enterprise value — yet only about 35% of owners have a succession plan. This guide covers the three-year seller timeline, how valuation multiples of 2x to 4x SDE are earned, SBA 7(a) and seller-financing structures for buyers, due diligence, and the bookkeeping habits that separate a sellable business from one that quietly closes.
How Small Businesses Are Actually Priced in 2026: SDE Multiples, Explained Before You List or Buy
Main street businesses are priced as Seller's Discretionary Earnings times a multiple — an all-sector average of 2.57x, ranging from 1.39x for dollar stores to 4.99x for car washes. Here is how SDE is calculated, which add-backs survive buyer diligence, why the multiple ladder moves, and how 2026 SBA lending rules reshape deal structure.
This FDD Season Brings "Even More Scrutiny": What the 2026 Franchise Disclosure Document Updates Mean for Franchisors
Franchise attorneys say 2026 FDD renewal brings heightened state scrutiny on costs, fees, and Item 19. Learn the junk-fee ban, Virginia and California broker rules, and the renewal season workflow.
Business Valuation Methods Explained: What Your Company Is Really Worth Before You Sell, Raise, or Step Back
Learn how appraisers value small businesses using market comparables, discounted cash flow, and asset-based methods — plus how to normalize earnings and avoid the five mistakes that quietly destroy sale price.
Spousal Lifetime Access Trusts (SLATs): How Business Owners Move Future Growth Out of Their Estate
A Spousal Lifetime Access Trust (SLAT) lets a business owner move an appreciating asset — and all its future growth — out of the taxable estate while the beneficiary spouse retains access to distributions. With the 2026 lifetime exemption set at $15 million per individual, this guide covers the mechanics, valuation discounts, the reciprocal trust doctrine, and the divorce and death risks to plan around.
The $15 Million Estate Tax Exemption: What OBBBA Means for Business Succession Planning
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act permanently raised the federal estate and gift tax exemption to $15 million per person ($30 million per couple) starting in 2026, eliminating the scheduled TCJA sunset to roughly $7 million. Here's what changed, which existing plans are now outdated, and the succession moves business owners should make — from portability filings to buy-sell agreement reviews and state estate tax exposure.
Disability Buy-Out Insurance: The Buy-Sell Agreement Gap Most Co-Owners Miss
A 35-year-old is six times more likely to become disabled than to die before 65, yet most buy-sell agreements only plan for death. How disability buy-out (DBO) insurance funds a co-owner buyout — elimination periods, cross-purchase vs. entity redemption, and why premiums are nondeductible but proceeds are tax-free.
Entrepreneurship Through Acquisition: How Search Funds Turn Managers into Owners
Search funds have returned a 33.9% aggregate IRR and 4.75x invested capital across 862 funds since 1984, per Stanford's 2026 study. Here's how entrepreneurship through acquisition works — traditional and self-funded search structures, SBA 7(a) financing, typical deal metrics, and why quality of earnings diligence decides the outcome.
Business Valuation in Divorce: How Much Is a Spouse's Company Worth?
Business valuation in divorce hinges on separating enterprise goodwill from personal goodwill and active from passive appreciation, using ASA/ABV/CVA-credentialed methods like income, market, and asset approaches.
The Founder's Guide to ESOPs: Selling Your Business to Your Employees
How an ESOP lets founders exit on their own terms — 6,411 US ESOPs hold $2.1 trillion for 15.1 million employees. Covers Section 1042 capital gains deferral, the S-corp federal tax exemption, 2–4% deal costs, fiduciary and repurchase obligations, and which businesses actually fit the structure.
Coworking Space Bookkeeping: ASC 606 Deferred Revenue, NOI Per Square Foot, and the Occupancy KPIs Lenders Demand
How coworking operators separate hot desk, dedicated desk, and private office revenue under ASC 606, hold refundable deposits as liabilities, allocate common-area square footage to compute NOI per foot, capitalize build-out as Qualified Improvement Property with 100% bonus depreciation in 2026, and report the occupancy, RevPOD, churn, and MRR concentration metrics that lenders and acquirers actually price on.