#tax-credits
Tax Credits
Federal and state tax credits to reduce your tax bill dollar for dollar
Section 45W Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit: How Business Fleets Still Claim Up to $40,000 in 2026 After the OBBBA Cliff
Section 45W ended for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025, but businesses with a binding contract and a payment by that date can still claim up to $7,500 for light EVs or $40,000 for heavy trucks in 2026 — here is how the credit is calculated, filed on Form 8936, and refunded as cash to tax-exempt fleets through elective pay.
Section 1341 and the Claim of Right Doctrine: Recovering Tax on Clawed-Back Bonuses
Section 1341 lets a taxpayer who repays more than $3,000 of previously taxed income recover the tax cost—via a deduction or a credit, whichever is lower—on the repayment-year return rather than by amending the old one.
The Section 45E Credit: How Small Employers Can Run a New 401(k) at Near-Zero Cost
A new 401(k) can be nearly free for small employers — Section 45E reimburses up to 100% of startup costs for three years plus $1,000 per employee in contribution credits for five years. Here is who qualifies and how to claim it on Form 8881.
Section 45E After SECURE 2.0: How Small Employers Recoup 100% of Pension Plan Startup Costs on Form 8881
SECURE 2.0 turned Section 45E into a 100% refund of pension plan startup costs—up to $5,000 per year for three years—for employers with 50 or fewer employees, stacked with a per-employee contribution credit worth up to $1,000 and a $500 auto-enrollment credit, all claimed on Form 8881.
The PTET SALT Cap Workaround: How Pass-Through Owners Convert State Tax Into a Federal Deduction
How partnerships and S corporations in 36+ states use the Pass-Through Entity Tax election under IRS Notice 2020-75 to deduct state income tax at the entity level and bypass the federal SALT cap — with a worked example, resident-credit mechanics, and 2026 election deadlines.
Section 174 R&D Expensing in 2026: How Software Startups Recover From the TCJA Capitalization Trap
OBBBA's new Section 174A restores immediate expensing for domestic R&D in tax years after December 31, 2024, and qualifying small businesses can amend 2022–2024 returns by July 6, 2026 to recover overpaid tax. A guide to the three coexisting Section 174 regimes, the Section 41 credit add-back, foreign 15-year amortization, and the statement in lieu of Form 3115.
Form 8850 and the 28-Day Pre-Screening Window: How Employers Lock In Up to $9,600 Per Qualifying Hire
Form 8850 must be signed on or before the job offer date and submitted to the state workforce agency within 28 calendar days of the employee's start date — miss either deadline and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, worth up to $9,600 per qualifying hire across ten targeted groups, is permanently forfeited.
The 2026 Adoption Tax Credit: Form 8839, the Refundable $5,120, and the Five-Year Carryforward
For 2026, the federal Adoption Tax Credit is worth up to $17,670 per child, with $5,120 now refundable. A field guide to Form 8839, qualified expenses, the special-needs rule, failed adoptions, the MAGI phase-out, and the five-year carryforward.
Adoption Tax Credit Under Section 23 in 2026: Claiming Up to $17,670 on Form 8839 for Domestic, Foreign, Special Needs, and Failed Adoptions
For tax year 2026, the federal Adoption Tax Credit caps at $17,670 per eligible child, with up to $5,120 refundable and a five-year carryforward on the nonrefundable remainder. This guide explains Form 8839, the timing rules for domestic, foreign, special needs, and failed adoptions, MAGI phase-out between $265,080 and $305,080, and how to coordinate with employer-provided adoption assistance under Section 137.
Employee Retention Credit Compliance in 2026: Audit Defense Under the OBBBA Six-Year Statute
A practical 2026 guide for businesses with ERC exposure — the closed voluntary disclosure window, the OBBBA six-year statute on Q3/Q4 2021 claims, the categorical disallowance of late filings after January 31 2024, the promoter penalties reaching back to March 12 2020, and the audit file examiners actually request.
After ERC Voluntary Disclosure Program 2.0: How Small Businesses Can Still Fix Improper Claims in 2026
With the second ERC Voluntary Disclosure Program closed since November 2024, small businesses with overstated Employee Retention Credit claims still have three remedies in 2026: claim withdrawal, self-amendment via Form 941-X, or responding to an IRS recapture letter. The IRS has a six-year audit window open through April 15, 2027 for Q3 and Q4 2021 claims, plus a 20% accuracy-related penalty for erroneous refunds.
Form 3800 General Business Credit: Stacking R&D, WOTC, FICA Tip, and Childcare Credits Under the 25/75 TMT Limit
How Form 3800 aggregates 40-plus business tax credits into one limitation, why the 25/75 tentative minimum tax floor matters, and how eligible small businesses (≤$50M gross receipts) can offset AMT with R&D, WOTC, FICA Tip, and other specified credits.