#cost-of-goods-sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
A single 50-gallon barrel of used cooking oil is worth $100-185 to a biodiesel refiner, so collectors must book collected-but-unsold oil as inventory-in-transit, track actual weighed pounds per stop rather than estimates, and reconcile collected-to-shipped volume weekly to catch theft and double-invoicing before it erodes route profitability.
A 750ml bottle yields about 5 five-ounce pours, and wine pour cost typically runs 25–30% versus 18–24% for liquor. This guide covers FIFO costing by vintage, by-the-glass yield math, shrinkage as a real COGS line, and why wine bars need separate on-premise and off-premise revenue and COGS accounts from day one.
A lash studio's costs don't fit one "supplies" line — service consumables, retail inventory, and depreciable equipment like lash beds and LED lamps each need their own account. This guide covers a six-category chart of accounts, the Section 179 deduction most lash artists miss, quarterly retail inventory counts, and booth-renter vs. employee classification.
The federal 1099-K threshold is back at $20,000 and 200 transactions, but reselling profit is taxable either way. How Poshmark and Depop sellers should handle hobby-vs-business classification, the nondeductible personal-use loss rule under IRC Section 165(c), cost of goods sold, and reconciling income across platforms that report gross vs. net.
Connecticut's HB 6856 would be the first US state law to regulate shrinkflation, requiring food manufacturers to post a clear notice for 12 months whenever they shrink a product without cutting its price — enforced as an unfair trade practice by the state Attorney General. Here's who the bill covers, the slack-fill litigation risk that already exists, and how to keep COGS and margin records accurate through a package resize.
A snow cone costs $0.15–$1.25 to make and sells for $2–$5, but that 200–300% margin only covers costs if fixed expenses like truck payments and insurance are spread across a realistic 12–16 week selling season instead of a full year.
The 2026 IRS 1099-K threshold for platforms like eBay, StockX, and Whatnot is back to $20,000 and 200 transactions, but sneaker and trading card resellers still owe tax on profit below that line — here's how to nail cost basis, inventory tracking, and the hobby-vs-business test.
Pool halls run three distinct revenue streams with different margins and accounting treatment, and league or tournament fees collected in advance are deferred revenue, not income, until the season is actually played.
Custom guitar luthiers should book customer deposits as a liability (deferred revenue) until delivery, track each tonewood set's acquisition cost and CITES paperwork individually rather than by replacement value, and use job-based WIP tracking to compare actual labor hours against a typical 40-80 hour build estimate.
GMROI measures gross profit generated per dollar of average inventory cost; a GMROI above 3.0 is generally strong, below 1.0 means inventory is destroying margin dollars, and typical category ranges run from 1.2 in grocery to 6.5+ in electronics.
Grain elevator bookkeeping separates elevator-owned inventory from bailment grain held for producers, tracks basis and deferred-price (NPE) contracts as distinct liabilities, and recognizes storage fees as service revenue earned over time rather than as a sale.
A 50-square-foot hide costing $450 landed with a 64% yield rate has a real material cost of $14.06 per usable square foot, not the $9.00 the invoice implies — the gap driving margin surprises as 2026 tariffs and a shrinking U.S. cattle herd push leather prices up roughly 22%.
