#cost-of-goods-sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
How to keep a paint-your-own pottery studio's books honest — allocate firing costs to COGS (roughly $1.32–$2.39 per piece), write down 5–10% greenware and kiln breakage monthly, and treat party deposits and gift cards as deferred revenue until the event is delivered.
Photography studios should book session deposits, retainers, and print credits as deferred revenue liabilities rather than income, expense gear under 2026's $2,560,000 Section 179 limit instead of depreciating it over five years, and track sales tax, breakage, and COGS in separate accounts to see real profitability.
A sign shop bookkeeping guide covering monthly close, job-level costing for materials/labor/overhead, deposit accounting, sales tax on signage, and Section 179 equipment deductions for 2026.
USPS cut its dimensional-weight divisor from 166 to 139 on July 12, 2026, raising DIM weight roughly 19.4% on bulky-but-light parcels and adding a $3 per-parcel fee for missing or inaccurate dimensions on commercial manifests.
A guide to the three bookkeeping fault lines that distort a wholesale distributor's margin and balance sheet — capitalizing freight-in into landed cost, accruing vendor rebates as a contra-COGS reduction instead of income, and tracking consignment inventory by location and ownership — plus a monthly close checklist and journal entries.
How personal chefs and private caterers separate client grocery COGS from household spending, claim the home-kitchen deduction under the exclusive-use test, and job-cost every booking — with target food-cost ranges of 28–38% for weekly meal prep and 25–35% for private dinners.
A 100% Section 232 tariff on patented drugs and APIs hits smaller manufacturers on September 29, 2026; here is how independent pharmacies and specialty clinics should audit country of origin, separate tariff in landed cost, and manage the working-capital lag before the cost passes through.
Under GAAP's ASC 330, inventory must be carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. This guide shows small businesses how to calculate NRV, book the write-down, document it for the IRS, and avoid the book-tax timing trap.
A contract-level bookkeeping system for cleaning and janitorial businesses—job costing by contract, a payroll-to-revenue dial that says when you can hire, and a 10-minute supply inventory method—so you can bid with real numbers and spot losing contracts before they drag the quarter.
Paint-and-sip and candle studios ring one ticket that is three revenue types, two tax treatments, and a deferred liability. Here is how to split ticket, beverage, and retail revenue at the POS, book gift cards and deposits as deferred revenue, and track pour cost so month-end takes 30 minutes.
Printful and Printify fulfillment charges typically run 45-55% of retail price and belong in Schedule C Part III as cost of goods sold, not in general expenses. This guide separates the two print-on-demand models, shows why a 50% COGS ratio means a $30 sale yields about $6 of contribution after ads and processing, and lays out a chart of accounts and monthly reconciliation that keep margins and taxes correct.
A 3PL never owns your inventory — it stays on your balance sheet at cost until a customer buys it. Map the fee stack (receiving, storage, pick/pack, returns) to a chart of accounts, post the five journal entries you actually need, reconcile WMS on-hand to your ledger monthly, and apply LCNRV write-downs to aged stock under ASC 330.
