#cost-of-goods-sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
How charge point operators should structure their books — splitting per-kWh energy COGS from demand charges (30–70% of many commercial utility bills), recognizing four distinct revenue streams correctly, and handling the Section 30C credit that expired for property placed in service after June 30, 2026.
Full-service horse board runs $650–$1,600 a month nationally, yet a 30-horse barn's real costs can near $60,000 monthly — here's how to build a per-horse chart of accounts, handle vet and farrier pass-throughs, recognize board revenue correctly, and stay clear of the IRS hobby-loss rule.
Print-on-demand sellers run two different businesses — integration channels (Etsy + Printify) with real COGS, and marketplace channels (Redbubble, Amazon Merch) with none. This guide covers how to reconcile 1099-K gross figures, avoid double-counting platform fees, handle marketplace-facilitator sales tax, and structure a per-channel chart of accounts to track margins that range from 20% to 70%.
U.S. retailers lost $90–112 billion to inventory shrinkage in the latest reporting cycle, an average shrink rate near 1.6% of sales. This guide shows small retailers how to book shrink in a dedicated expense account instead of burying it in COGS — with the exact journal entries, cycle-counting schedules, materiality thresholds, and the process fixes behind the ~70% of shrink that isn't theft.
Amazon ends stickerless commingled inventory on March 31, 2026. Resellers must apply FNSKU labels ($0.20–$0.50/unit) while Brand Registry owners get virtual tracking; unlabeled stock gets flagged defective. Here's the labeling deadline timeline, who pays what, and the lot-level costing and landed-cost accounting changes sellers need before the cutoff.
A roller rink runs admissions, skate rentals, birthday parties, concessions, and merchandise under one roof — and well-run rinks post 20–35% margins while others limp at 10% on the same traffic. This guide shows how to split the chart of accounts by revenue stream, hold party deposits as deferred-revenue liabilities until the event happens, capitalize the rental fleet, and track KPIs like revenue per visit and ancillary revenue share.
A reloading supply shop that only sells bullets, brass, primers, and powder owes no federal ammunition excise tax — but loading and selling finished ammunition triggers an 11% FAET liability filed quarterly on TTB Form 5300.26. This guide covers the chart of accounts, lot-number FIFO inventory tracking, and hazmat freight costing that keep a component retailer or hybrid manufacturer compliant.
Average-cost and FIFO inventory methods misstate margins when every item is unique. How antiquarian booksellers use specific-identification inventory — per-copy cost basis, proportional lot allocation, condition-driven write-downs, and provenance records — to keep accurate books on one-of-a-kind stock.
How auto salvage yards and scrap metal recyclers should structure inventory accounting when one purchased vehicle splits into parts, high-value scrap, and bulk ferrous metal sold at different times and prices.
How dog trainers should book private sessions, group classes, and board-and-train packages separately — using deferred revenue for prepaid series, COGS tracking for boarding costs, and clean 1099 vs. W-2 classification for instructors.
QuickBooks Online now requires choosing between FIFO and Moving Average Cost inventory valuation and adds bills of materials with manufacturing orders. How MAC recalculates a blended unit cost on every receipt, why the costing choice is effectively permanent, and the bookkeeping mistakes — stale BOMs, untracked WIP, missing overhead — that quietly erode manufacturer margins.
With gold near $4,200/oz in mid-2026, jewelry makers who cost pieces at historical purchase price lose margin on every sale. Recipe-based COGS — a fixed bill of materials, labor, and overhead per design, repriced at current metal replacement cost — plus channel-specific markups (2x direct, 3–4x Etsy, wholesale at 25% of retail) keeps pricing and books accurate.
