#financial-analysis
Analyze financial data and metrics to evaluate business performance and health
Spotify Q2 2026: EUR 4.78B revenue (+14% YoY), 300M Premium subscribers, a record 33.4% gross margin and EUR 655M operating income; net income of EUR 545M against a EUR 86M loss a year ago — tracked via public Beancount ledger.
Adyen H1 2026: Net revenue of €1.30B (up 19% YoY, 21% constant currency), processed volume of €803.8B (up 24%), take rate compressed to 16.2 bps after the first tiered pricing in the company's 20-year history—around €48M in revenue forgone—plus its first two acquisitions ever (Talon.One for €750M and Orb for ~€310M), EBITDA margin of 49.2%, tracked line-by-line through a public Beancount ledger.
Apple's fiscal Q3 2026 (June quarter) delivered $109.4B revenue (+16% YoY), $2.02 diluted EPS (+29%), and a 50.1% gross margin — roughly 2 points of it a one-time tariff refund worth $0.11 of EPS. iPhone, Mac and Services each set June quarter records, every geography grew double digits, and the full FY2021–FY2026Q3 income statements and balance sheets sit in a public Beancount ledger.
Palantir's FY2026 Q2 revenue surged 93% to $1.935 billion as U.S. commercial revenue jumped 149% to $764 million, lifting GAAP operating margin to 47% and forcing full-year guidance to $8.15 billion (+82% YoY) — the second straight quarter of accelerating hypergrowth at software's most debated valuation.
CAC is total sales and marketing cost divided by new customers acquired in the same period — $6,000 of spend across 30 customers is a $200 CAC. This guide covers what belongs in the numerator, how to pair CAC with gross-profit LTV (a 3:1 to 4:1 ratio is the practical small-business target) and payback period (under 12 months for SMB customers, up to 24 for enterprise), 2026 CAC ranges by business type, and seven ways to lower CAC without cutting customer volume.
Amazon Q2 2026: net sales $200.6B (+19.6%), operating income up 43% to $27.5B, AWS growth 37%.
Return on Net Assets (RONA = Net Income ÷ Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital) measures whether the equipment, vehicles, and inventory a business owns are actually generating profit. Includes a worked example, rough benchmarks (above 5% acceptable, above 20% outstanding), and how RONA differs from ROA and ROE for capital-intensive small businesses.
Microsoft's FY2026: $331.8B revenue (+18%), a record $133.7B net income, Azure past $100B, and $115.9B of AI capex — nearly 35% of revenue — broken down as an auditable plain-text Beancount ledger.
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) measures whether a business can cover current liabilities using only cash, marketable securities, and receivables — deliberately excluding inventory and prepaid expenses. Covers the formula with a worked example, why loan covenants often set a quick-ratio minimum instead of a current-ratio one, why 1.0 is the textbook benchmark but fast-turn retailers healthily run 0.3–0.4, and the mistakes that make the ratio misleading.
The asset coverage ratio measures whether tangible assets could repay total debt in a liquidation — [(total assets − intangibles) − (current liabilities − short-term debt)] ÷ total debt. Below 1.0 is a red flag, 2.0 is a common healthy benchmark, and lenders often write a minimum ACR into loan covenants that can trigger technical default.
Alphabet's Q2 2026 revenue was $119.8B (+24% YoY) and net income hit $112.2B (+298%), but roughly $99.0B of that was a non-cash gain on equity securities that the cash flow statement backs right out, leaving operating cash flow at just $39.1B. Google Cloud grew 82% to a ~$99B run-rate at a 35.6% operating margin, while Alphabet halted stock buybacks and raised ~$70B via common stock, its first-ever preferred, and debt to fund a $44.9B capex quarter that turned free cash flow negative. The FY2022–Q2 2026 Beancount ledger shows long-term debt climbing from $10.9B to $98.2B.
The fixed asset turnover ratio — net sales divided by average net fixed assets — measures revenue generated per dollar of PP&E. Capital-intensive businesses typically run 1–3, asset-light ones 5+, and the trend matters more than the level. Here's how to calculate it, benchmark it, and avoid the bookkeeping errors that distort it.
