#personal-finance
Personal money management and financial wellness strategies
Section 415(c) caps total 2026 annual additions to a defined contribution plan at $72,000 — covering employee deferrals, employer matches, and after-tax contributions. The math behind the mega backdoor Roth, the catch-up rules that sit outside the cap, and the EPCRS correction order if the limit is blown.
A 0.9% surtax applies to earned income above $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (joint), but employers withhold using a flat $200,000 per-job trigger. Form 8959 reconciles the two rules — generating a balance due for most dual-income couples and a credit for over-withheld single earners.
The AOTC is worth up to $2,500 per student with $1,000 refundable; the Lifetime Learning Credit caps at $2,000 per return. A 2026 walkthrough of Form 8863 and Form 1098-T covering when each credit wins, the Pell Grant election that unlocks the refundable AOTC, how to coordinate a 529 plan, and the four mistakes that can trigger a 2-to-10-year IRS ban.
SECURE 2.0 cut the missed-RMD excise tax from 50% to 25%, and to just 10% if the shortfall is corrected within a two-year window. Form 5329 is how taxpayers claim the reduced rate or request a full reasonable-cause waiver, and the form also starts the IRS's three-year limitations clock.
Tax year 2026 is the final year for the Saver's Credit, a nonrefundable credit worth up to $1,000 per person ($2,000 MFJ) for IRA and 401(k) contributions. This guide covers the 2026 AGI brackets, Form 8880 line by line, and what changes when the Saver's Match arrives in 2027.
Section 7702A's 7-pay test reclassifies overfunded cash-value life insurance as a modified endowment contract, switching lifetime distributions to LIFO ordering, taxing policy loans as ordinary income, and adding a 10% penalty before age 59½. The classification is permanent and cannot be reversed after the 60-day refund window.
The OBBBA's new $6,000 senior bonus deduction (up to $12,000 per couple) phases out at 6% per dollar of MAGI above $75,000 single / $150,000 joint and disappears entirely at $175,000 / $250,000. Available for tax years 2025 through 2028, stackable with the standard deduction and itemized deductions for taxpayers 65 and older.
Informal family or employer loans below the AFR trigger IRC Section 7872 imputed interest, treated as gifts, wages, or dividends.
How non-willful US taxpayers use the IRS Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures to catch up on FBAR, Form 8938, and three years of late returns—zero penalty under SFOP for taxpayers abroad, a one-time 5% miscellaneous offshore penalty under SDOP for domestic filers, plus what the non-willfulness certification must demonstrate.
Trump Accounts are a new tax-deferred children's savings vehicle created by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Children born 2025–2028 receive a one-time $1,000 federal seed, families can contribute up to $5,000 per year, and employers can add $2,500 tax-free per employee — but the deposit requires filing Form 4547.
A practitioner's guide to the SECURE 2.0 Act's 529-to-Roth IRA rollover — the five hard rules, the $35,000 lifetime cap, the state-tax traps in California, Indiana, and Massachusetts, and five strategic plays for converting unused college savings into tax-free retirement money.
SECURE 2.0 lets families roll up to $35,000 of unused 529 funds into the beneficiary's Roth IRA tax-free. Here are the six rules every rollover must satisfy, the two mistakes that turn it taxable, the state-level traps, and the four strategies that make the rule genuinely useful.
